At present, most researches focus on how to integrate the information obtained by multiple LoRaWAN gateways to improve network scalability and decoding rate, and less research on the gateway itself. How to optimize the layout of one or more gateways so that each gateway can play the most role in a specific application is also an issue that needs to be discussed.

Time difference of arrival is a positioning method that determines the target position by detecting the time difference between the arrival of the signal to two base stations. Several studies have begun to try to use TDoA to locate LoRaWAN end devices. These studies use the frame arrival timestamp given by the LoRaWAN gateway and equate the timestamp to the time stamp of the signal arriving at the gateway. However, the timestamp when the signal actually arrives at the gateway is not equal to the timestamp given by the application layer. In addition, time stamps with microsecond precision cannot support precise ranging and positioning, so the positioning errors of these methods are generally between tens of meters and hundreds of meters.  designed and conceived a LoRa backscattering device, relying on the TDoA principle to achieve 3D positioning with meter-level accuracy. However, LoRa end devices requiring customized wireless scattering cannot be directly applied to existing LoRaWAN end devices and networks.

According to the LoRa Alliance's description of the protocol, LoRaWAN's network architecture is deployed in a star topology, with gateways relaying between end devices and a central network server. Gateways connect to web servers via standard IP, acting as a transparent bridge, just translating RF packets into IP packets and vice versa. Wireless communication takes full advantage of the long-range nature of the LoRa physical layer, with a single point link between the end device and one or more gateways. All modes enable two-way communication, support multi-channel search, provide support when performing tasks such as firmware over-the-air upgrades or other batch messaging, and make efficient use of spectrum.

Ebyte IoT wireless communication expert Lorawan gateway product recommendation:
Network interface: RJ45
Carrier frequency: EU 863-870MHz ISM/AS 923MHz
Transmit power: 27dBm
Product size: 120*120*28mm
Product introduction: E890-868LG27 is a LoRaWAN communication gateway launched by Chengdu Ebyte Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. It is a standard IoT relay device. As an information converter of the LoRaWAN communication system, it is responsible for connecting network servers and terminal nodes. Communication, realizing the protocol conversion and forwarding of message communication between terminal equipment and server.